%
% This file presents the 'verbose-trad1' style
%
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[german,american]{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[style=verbose-trad1,backend=biber]{biblatex-ms}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}
% Some generic settings:
\newcommand*{\cmd}[1]{\texttt{\textbackslash #1}}
\newcolumntype{H}{>{\bfseries}l}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\ttfamily}c}
\newcolumntype{V}{>{\ttfamily}l}
\newenvironment*{inlinetable}
  {\trivlist\footnotesize\item}
  {\endtrivlist}
\newcommand*{\code}[1]{%
  \detokenize\expandafter{\string#1}}
\newenvironment*{pseudofootnotes}
  {\list\labelenumi{%
     \def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}%
     \def\labelenumi{\theenumi}%
     \usecounter{enumi}%
     \setlength{\leftmargin}{0pt}%
     \setlength{\labelsep}{0.75em}%
     \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
     \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}}%
   \citereset
   \footnotesize
   \def\footcite##1{\item\Cite{##1}.}%
   \def\footnote##1{\item##1}}
  {\endlist}
\newenvironment*{pseudofootnotes*}
  {\pseudofootnotes
   \def\footnote##1{\item##1\mancite}}
  {\endpseudofootnotes}
\begin{document}

\section*{The \texttt{verbose-trad1} style}

This is a traditional citation style which uses scholarly
abbreviations like \emph{ibidem}, \emph{idem}, \emph{opere citato},
and \emph{loco citato} in a special way to replace recurrent
authors, titles, and page ranges across separate citation commands.
This style is best explained by example.

\subsection*{Outline}

Let's assume a \texttt{bib} file with the following entries:

\begin{inlinetable}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}CX@{}}
\toprule
\multicolumn{1}{@{}H}{Entry Key} &
\multicolumn{1}{H}{Entry Data} \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(l){2-2}
a1 & Author A, Title 1 \\
a2 & Author A, Title 2 \\
a3 & Author A, Title 3 \\
b1 & Author B, Title 1 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{inlinetable}
%
Here's an example of how this citation scheme works:

\begin{inlinetable}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}VlX@{}}
\toprule
\multicolumn{1}{@{}H}{Command} &
\multicolumn{1}{H}{Conditions} &
\multicolumn{1}{H}{Citation} \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite{a1}}        & Initial reference     & Verbose citation \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite{b1}}        & Initial reference     & Verbose citation \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite[26]{a1}}    & Author changed        & Author, \emph{op.~cit.}, page \\
                        & + Title is last title by \emph{this} author \\
                        & + Page is new/different from last page cited \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite[59]{b1}}    & Author changed        & Author, \emph{op.~cit.}, page \\
                        & + Title is last title by \emph{this} author \\
                        & + Page is new/different from last page cited \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite[26]{a1}}    & Author changed        & Author, \emph{loc.~cit.} \\
                        & + Title is last title by \emph{this} author \\
                        & + Page is last page cited from \emph{this} work \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite[59]{b1}}    & Author changed        & Author, \emph{loc.~cit.} \\
                        & + Title is last title by \emph{this} author \\
                        & + Page is last page cited from \emph{this} work \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite{a2}}        & Initial reference     & Verbose citation \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite{b1}}        & Author changed        & Author, \emph{op.~cit.} \\
                        & + Title is last title by \emph{this} author \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite{a1}}        & Author changed        & Author, Title \\
                        & + Title different from last title by \emph{this} author \\
                        & + Title has been cited before \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite[55]{a2}}    & Same author           & \emph{idem}, Title, page \\
                        & + Title different from last title by \emph{this} author \\
                        & + Title has been cited before \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite[25]{a2}}    & Same author and title & \emph{ibidem}, page \\
                        & + Page is different from last page cited \\
\cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
\code{\cite[25]{a2}}    & Same author and title and page
						& \emph{ibidem}, page \\
\code{\cite[25]{a2}}    & (with option \texttt{ibidpage=true})
						& \emph{ibidem} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{inlinetable}

\clearpage

\subsection*{Additional package options}

\subsubsection*{The \texttt{ibidpage} option}

The scholarly abbreviation \emph{ibidem} is sometimes taken to mean
both `same author~+ same title' and `same author~+ same title~+ same
page' in traditional citation schemes. By default, this is not the
case with this style because it may lead to ambiguous citations.
With \texttt{ibidpage=true} a page range postnote will be suppressed
in an \emph{ibidem} citation if the last citation was to the same
page range. With \texttt{ibidpage=false} the postnote is not omitted.
Citations to different page ranges than the previous always produce
the page ranges with either setting.
The default setting is \texttt{ibidpage=false}.

Consider the following example citations
\begin{verbatim}
\cite[12]{cicero}
\cite[12]{cicero}
\cite[12]{worman}
\cite[13]{worman}
\end{verbatim}
%
If \texttt{ibidpage} is set to \texttt{true}, the citations
come out -- shortened -- as
\begin{quote}
Cicero, \emph{De natura deorum,} p.~12

ibid.

Worman, \emph{The Cast of Character,} p.~12

ibid., p.~13
\end{quote}
%
The shortened result for \texttt{ibidpage=false} is
\begin{quote}
Cicero, \emph{De natura deorum,} p.~12

ibid., p.~12

Worman, \emph{The Cast of Character,} p.~12

ibid., p.~13
\end{quote}

\subsubsection*{The \texttt{dashed} option}

A case related to the definition of \emph{ibidem} is the scope of
the \emph{ibidem} and \emph{idem} replacements. By default, this
style will only use such abbreviations if the respective citations
are given in the same footnote or in consecutive footnotes. The
point of this restriction is also to avoid potentially ambiguous
citations. Here's an example:

\begin{verbatim}
...\footcite{aristotle:anima}
...\footcite{aristotle:anima}
...\footnote{Averroes touches upon this issue in his \emph{Epistle
             on the Possibility of Conjunction}.}
...\footcite{aristotle:anima}
\end{verbatim}
%
This could be rendered as follows:

\begin{pseudofootnotes}
\footcite{aristotle:anima}
\footcite{aristotle:anima}
\footnote{Averroes touches upon this issue in his \emph{Epistle on
the Possibility of Conjunction}.}
\footcite{aristotle:anima}
\end{pseudofootnotes}
%
What does the \emph{ibidem} in the last footnote refer to? The last
formal citation, as given in the first and the second footnote
(Aristotle), or the informal reference in the third one (Averroes)?
Too avoid such citations, this style will only use \emph{ibidem} and
\emph{idem} replacements if the respective citations are given in
the same footnote or in consecutive footnotes:

\begin{pseudofootnotes*}
\footcite{aristotle:anima}
\footcite{aristotle:anima}
\footnote{Averroes touches upon this issue in his \emph{Epistle on
the Possibility of Conjunction}.}
\footcite{aristotle:anima}
\end{pseudofootnotes*}
%
Depending on your writing and citing habits, however, you may prefer
the less strict \emph{ibidem} and \emph{idem} handling. You can
force that by setting the package option \texttt{strict=false} in
the preamble. It is still possible to mark a manually inserted
discursive citation with \cmd{mancite} when required:

\begin{verbatim}
...\footcite{aristotle:anima}
...\footnote{\mancite Averroes touches upon this issue in his
             \emph{Epistle on the Possibility of Conjunction}.}
...\footcite{aristotle:anima}
\end{verbatim}
%
This will suppress the \emph{ibidem} in the last footnote.

\subsubsection*{The \texttt{citepages} option}

Use this option to fine-tune the formatting of the \texttt{pages}
and \texttt{pagetotal} fields in verbose citations. When an entry
with a \texttt{pages} field is cited for the first time and the
\texttt{postnote} is a page number or a page range, the citation
will end with two page specifications:

\begin{quote}
Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} pp.\,100--150, p.\,125.
\end{quote}
%
In this example, \enquote{125} is the \texttt{postnote} and
\enquote{100--150} is the \texttt{pages} field (there are similar
issues with the \texttt{pagetotal} field). This may be confusing to
the reader. The \texttt{citepages} option controls how to deal with
these fields in this case. The option works as follows, given these
citations as an example:

\begin{verbatim}
\cite{key}
\cite[a note]{key}
\cite[125]{key}
\end{verbatim}
%
\texttt{citepages=permit} allows duplicates, i.e., the style will
print both the \texttt{pages}\slash \texttt{pagetotal} and the
\texttt{postnote}. This is the default setting:

\begin{quote}
Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} pp.\,100--150.

Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} pp.\,100--150, a note.

Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} pp.\,100--150, p.\,125.
\end{quote}
%
\texttt{citepages=suppress} unconditionally suppresses the
\texttt{pages}\slash \texttt{pagetotal} fields in citations,
regardless of the \texttt{postnote}:

\begin{quote}
Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book.}

Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} a note.

Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} p.\,125.
\end{quote}
%
\texttt{citepages=omit} suppresses the \texttt{pages}\slash
\texttt{pagetotal} in the third case only. They are still printed if
there is no \texttt{postnote} or if the \texttt{postnote} is not a
number or range:

\begin{quote}
Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} pp.\,100--150.

Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} pp.\,100--150, a note.

Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} p.\,125.
\end{quote}
%
\texttt{citepages=separate} separates the \texttt{pages}\slash
\texttt{pagetotal} from the \texttt{postnote} in the third case:

\begin{quote}
Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} pp.\,100--150.

Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} pp.\,100--150, a note.

Author. \enquote{Title.} In: \emph{Book,} pp.\,100--150, esp. p.\,125.
\end{quote}
%
The string \enquote{especially} in the third case is the bibliography
string \texttt{thiscite}, which may be redefined.

\subsubsection*{The \texttt{dashed} option}

By default, this style replaces recurrent authors/editors in the
bibliography by a dash so that items by the same author or editor
are visually grouped. This feature is controlled by the package
option \texttt{dashed}. Setting \texttt{dashed=false} in the
preamble will disable this feature. The default setting is
\texttt{dashed=true}.

\subsection*{Hints and caveats}

If you want terms such as \emph{ibidem} to be printed in italics,
redefine \cmd{mkibid} as follows:

\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand*{\mkibid}{\emph}
\end{verbatim}
%
German users should note that the scholarly abbreviations typically
used in German do not make a clear distinction between
\emph{op.~cit.} and \emph{loc.~cit.} Both are rendered as
\emph{a.a.O.}, possibly causing some citations to be misleading. It
may be preferable to use the \texttt{verbose-trad2} style in German
documents. If you really want to use \texttt{verbose-trad1}, use the
Latin keywords. This is accomplished by putting the following in the
preamble or the configuration file:

\begin{verbatim}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{german}{%
  idem   = {idem},
  idemsm = {idem},
  idemsf = {eadem},
  idemsn = {idem},
  idempm = {eidem},
  idempf = {eaedem},
  idempn = {eadem},
  idempp = {eidem},
  ibidem = {ibid\adddot},
  opcit  = {op\adddotspace cit\adddot},
  loccit = {loc\adddotspace cit\adddot},
}
\end{verbatim}
%
Now let's go over the previous examples again, using real
bibliography entries this time.

\clearpage

\subsection*{\cmd{footcite} examples}

This is just filler text.\footcite{aristotle:anima}
This is just filler text.\footcite{averroes/bland}
This is just filler text.\footcite[26]{aristotle:anima}
This is just filler text.\footcite[59--61]{averroes/bland}
This is just filler text.\footcite[26]{aristotle:anima}
This is just filler text.\footcite[59--61]{averroes/bland}
This is just filler text.\footcite{aristotle:physics}
This is just filler text.\footcite{averroes/bland}
This is just filler text.\footcite{aristotle:anima}
This is just filler text.\footcite[55]{aristotle:physics}
This is just filler text.\footcite[25]{aristotle:physics}
% ibidpage=true would suppress the following page number:
This is just filler text.\footcite[25]{aristotle:physics}

\clearpage

% If the 'shorthand' field is defined, the shorthand is introduced
% on the first citation. All subsequent citations will then use the
% shorthand.

This is just filler text.\footcite{kant:kpv}
This is just filler text.\footcite{kant:ku}
This is just filler text.\footcite[24]{kant:kpv}
This is just filler text.\footcite[59--63]{kant:ku}

\clearpage

\subsection*{\cmd{autocite} examples}

% The \autocite command works like \footcite. Note that
% the period is moved and placed before the footnote.

This is just filler text \autocite{aristotle:rhetoric}.
This is just filler text \autocite{averroes/bland}.
This is just filler text \autocite{aristotle:rhetoric}.
This is just filler text \autocite{aristotle:anima}.
This is just filler text \autocite{aristotle:physics}.
This is just filler text \autocite{aristotle:physics}.

\clearpage

% Since all bibliographic data is provided on the first citation,
% this style may be used without a list of references and
% shorthands. Of course these lists may still be printed if desired.

\printshorthands
\printbibliography

\end{document}
